I don't know about findItemByText/findItemByValue/findItemByAttribute BUT for those who's looking for a quick fix. Here it is.
function rlboxRoles_ItemChecked(sender, args) {
var listbox = sender;
var items = listbox.get_items();
var count = items.get_count();
var checkedItem = args.get_item();
var index = items.indexOf(checkedItem);
for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (i != index) {
items.getItem(i).set_checked(false);
}
else {
items.getItem(i).set_checked(true);
}
}
}